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2023-08-13 01:35| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

last 1 (lăst)adj.1. Being, coming, or placed after all others; final: the last game of the season.2. Being the only one left: his last nickel; as a last resort.3. Just past; most recent: last year; the last time I checked.4. Most up-to-date; newest: the last thing in swimwear.5. Highest in extent or degree; utmost: to the last measure of human endurance.6. Most valid, authoritative, or conclusive: The arbiter will have the last say in resolving this dispute.7. a. Least likely or expected: the last person we would have suspected.b. The least desirable or suitable: the last man for the job.8. Being the latest possible: waited until the last second before boarding the train.9. Lowest in rank or importance: last prize; last place.10. Used as an intensive: Every last dollar was donated to charity.11. a. Of or relating to a terminal period or stage, as of life: the last days of the dinosaurs.b. Administered just before death: the last sacraments.adv.1. After all others in chronology or sequence: arrived last.2. Most recently: a fashion last popular in the 1940s.3. At the end; finally: Add the butter last.n.1. One that is at the end or last: the last to be chosen; on every page but the last.2. The end: held out until the last.3. The final mention or appearance: haven't seen the last of our troubles.Idioms: at last After a considerable length of time; finally. at long last After a lengthy or troublesome wait or delay: At long last the winter was over.[Middle English, from Old English latost, superlative of læt, late; see lē- in Indo-European roots.]last′ly adv.Synonyms: last1, final, terminal, ultimate These adjectives mean coming after all others in chronology or sequence. Last applies to what comes at the end of a series: the last day of the month. Something final stresses the definitiveness and decisiveness of the conclusion: Somehow he always seems to get the final word in what we end up doing. Terminal applies to what marks or forms a limit or boundary, as in space, time, or development: That railroad's terminal city is a town with a large harbor. Ultimate applies to what concludes a series, process, or progression or constitutes a final result or objective: the ultimate sonata of that opus; our ultimate goal; the ultimate effect.last 2 (lăst)v. last·ed, last·ing, lasts v.intr.1. a. To continue in time; go on: The war lasted four years.b. To continue; survive: The patient is not expected to last much longer.2. a. To remain in good or usable condition: Produce lasts longer if it is refrigerated. I wanted a car that would last.b. To continue in force or practice: wondered if the marriage would last.3. To remain in adequate supply: Will our water last?v.tr.1. To keep adequately supplied: left enough bread to last the family for the weekend.2. To persist or endure for the entire length of; survive: hoped to last the season without injuring her leg again.[Middle English lasten, from Old English lǣstan; see leis- in Indo-European roots.]last3last 3 (lăst)n. A block or form shaped like a human foot and used in making or repairing shoes.tr.v. last·ed, last·ing, lasts To mold or shape on a last.[Middle English leste, laste, from Old English lǣste, from lǣst, lāst, sole of the foot; see leis- in Indo-European roots.]last 4 (lăst)n. Chiefly British A unit of volume or weight varying for different commodities and in different districts, equal to about 80 bushels, 640 gallons, or 2 tons.[Middle English, load, a kind of measure, from Old English hlæst, load.]American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Copyright © 2016 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. All rights reserved.last (lɑːst) adj (often prenominal) 1. being, happening, or coming at the end or after all others: the last horse in the race. 2. being or occurring just before the present; most recent: last Thursday. 3. last but not least coming last in order but nevertheless important4. last but one next to last5. only remaining: one's last cigarette. 6. most extreme; utmost7. least suitable, appropriate, or likely: he was the last person I would have chosen. 8. (esp relating to the end of a person's life or of the world)a. final or ultimate: last rites. b. (capital): the Last Judgment. 9. (postpositive) dialect Liverpool inferior, unpleasant, or contemptible: this ale is last. adv10. after all others; at or in the end: he came last. 11. a. most recently: he was last seen in the mountains. b. (in combination): last-mentioned. 12. (sentence modifier) as the last or latest itemn13. the last a. a person or thing that is lastb. the final moment; end14. one's last moments before death15. the last thing a person can do (esp in the phrase breathe one's last)16. the final appearance, mention, or occurrence: we've seen the last of him. 17. at last in the end; finally18. at long last finally, after difficulty, delay, or irritation[variant of Old English latest, lætest, superlative of late]Usage: Since last can mean either after all others or most recent, it is better to avoid using this word where ambiguity might arise as in her last novel. Final or latest should be used in such contexts to avoid ambiguitylast (lɑːst) vb1. (when: intr, often foll by for) to remain in being (for a length of time); continue: his hatred lasted for several years. 2. to be sufficient for the needs of (a person) for (a length of time): it will last us until Friday. 3. (when: intr, often foll by for) to remain fresh, uninjured, or unaltered (for a certain time or duration): he lasted for three hours underground. [Old English lǣstan; related to Gothic laistjan to follow] ˈlaster nlast (lɑːst) n (Crafts) the wooden or metal form on which a shoe or boot is fashioned or repairedvb (Crafts) (tr) to fit (a shoe or boot) on a last[Old English lǣste, from lāst footprint; related to Old Norse leistr foot, Gothic laists] ˈlaster nlast (lɑːst) n (Units) a unit of weight or capacity having various values in different places and for different commodities. Commonly used values are 2 tons, 2000 pounds, 80 bushels, or 640 gallons[Old English hlæst load; related to hladan to lade1]Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition 2014 © HarperCollins Publishers 1991, 1994, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2014last1 (læst, lɑst)

adj. a superl. of late with later as compar.

1. occurring or coming after all others, as in time, order, or place: the last line on a page. 2. most recent; next before the present: last week. 3. being the only one remaining: my last dollar. 4. final: in her last hours. 5. ultimate or conclusive; definitive. 6. lowest in prestige or importance: last prize. 7. coming after all others in one's expectations, considerations, etc.: the last person we'd want to represent us. 8. individual; single: Don't start until every last person is present. 9. utmost; extreme. adv. 10. after all others; latest: I arrived last. 11. on the most recent occasion: He was alone when last seen. 12. in the end; finally; in conclusion. n. 13. a person or thing that is last. 14. a final appearance or mention: That's the last we'll hear of it. 15. the end or conclusion: going on vacation the last of September. Idioms: 1. at (long) last, after considerable delay; finally. 2. breathe one's last, to die. [before 900; Middle English last, latst, syncopated variant of latest, Old English latest, lætest, superlative of læt late] last2 (læst, lɑst) v.i. 1. to go on or continue in time: The festival lasted three weeks. 2. to continue unexpended or unexhausted; be enough: Enjoy it while the money lasts. 3. to continue in force, vigor, effectiveness, etc. 4. to continue or remain in usable condition: The gloves didn't last. v.t. 5. to continue to survive for the duration of (often fol. by out). [before 900; Middle English; Old English lǣstan to follow, perform, continue, last. See last3] syn: See continue. last3 (læst, lɑst) n. 1. a wooden or metal form in the shape of the human foot on which boots or shoes are shaped or repaired. 2. the shape or form of a shoe. v.t. 3. to shape on or fit to a last. [before 900; Middle English lest(e),last(e), Old English lǣste last, lāst footprint, c. Old High German leist last, Old Norse leistr foot, sock] last′er, n. Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary, © 2010 K Dictionaries Ltd. Copyright 2005, 1997, 1991 by Random House, Inc. All rights reserved.Last a load or burden; an amount of cod or herrings [12 barrels]; a measure of grain or malt [80 bushels], hence, a large, indefinite number.Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. Copyright 2008 The Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.last lastly

Last can be an adjective or an adverb.

1. 'last' used as an adjective

The last thing, event, or person of a particular kind is the one that comes after all the others.

He missed the last bus.They met for the last time just before the war.He was the last person to see Rebecca alive.

If you want to emphasize that someone or something is the last one of their kind, you can put very in front of last.

Those were his very last words.I changed my mind at the very last minute.

Latest is sometimes used in a similar way.

See latest - last2. 'last' used as an adverb

If something last happened on a particular occasion, it has not happened since then.

They last saw their homeland nine years ago.It's a long time since we met last.

If an event is the final one in a series of similar events, you can say that it happens last. You put last at the end of a clause.

He added the milk last.Mr Ross was meant to have gone first, but in fact went last.3. 'lastly'

You can also use lastly to say that an event is the final one in a series. You put lastly at the beginning of a clause.

They wash their hands, arms and faces, and lastly, they wash their feet.

However, last and lastly are not always used in the same way. You usually use last to say that an event is the final one in a series of similar events. You use lastly when you are talking about events which are not similar.

For example, if you say 'George phoned his aunt last', you usually mean that George had phoned several people and that his aunt was the last person he phoned. If you say 'Lastly George phoned his aunt', you mean that George had done several things and that the last thing he did was to phoned his aunt.

Lastly has a much more common use. You use it to introduce a final point in a discussion, ask a final question, give a final instruction, or mention a final item in a list.

Lastly, I would like to thank Mr. Mark Collins for his advice, assistance and patience.Lastly I would like to ask about your future plans.4. 'at last'

At last and at long last are used to show that something that you have been waiting for or expecting for a long time has happened. These expressions usually go at the beginning or end of a clause.

The journey had taken a long time, but they had arrived at last.At long last I've found a woman who really loves me.5. 'last' with time expressions

You use last in front of a word such as week or month to say when something happened. For example, if it is August and something happened in July, you say that it happened last month.

Wolfgang and I had lunch with her last month.The group held its first meeting last week.

Be Careful!Don't say that something happened 'the last month' or 'the last week'.

Last can be used in a similar way in front of the names of festivals, seasons, months, or days of the week.

Last Christmas we received more than a hundred cards.She died last summer.I bought these shoes last Saturday.

Don't, however, say 'last morning' or 'last afternoon'. Say yesterday morning or yesterday afternoon.

It's warmer this morning than it was yesterday morning.Yesterday afternoon I had lunch with Cameron.

Be Careful!Don't say 'last evening'. Say yesterday evening or last night.

Yesterday evening another British soldier was killed.I've been thinking about what we said last night.6. 'previous' and 'before'

When you are describing something that happened in the past and you want to refer to an earlier period of time, you use previous or before instead of 'last'. For example, if you are talking about events that happened in 2005 and you want to mention something that happened in 2004, you say that it happened the previous year or the year before.

We had had an argument the previous night.He had done some work on the farmhouse the previous summer.The two women had met in Bonn the weekend before.The quarrel of the night before seemed forgotten.7. 'before last'

You use before last to refer to the period of time immediately before the most recent one of its kind. For example, the year before last means 'the year before last year'.

We went camping the summer before last.I have not slept since the night before last.8. 'the last'

You can also use last to refer to any period of time measured back from the present. For example, if it is July 23rd and you want to refer to the period from July 2nd to the present, you refer to it as the last three weeks. Note that you must use the. If you want to say that something happened during this period, you say that it happened in the last three weeks or during the last three weeks.

He had asked himself that question at least a thousand times in the last eight days.All this has happened during the last few years.

Be Careful!Note the order of words in these examples. Don't say 'the eight last days' or 'the few last years'.

Be Careful!Don't use 'in the last' or 'during the last' on their own with a plural noun such as 'years' or 'days'. For example, don't say 'Many changes have been made in the last years'. Use a quantity word or a number. For example, say 'Many changes have been made in the last few years'. Or use recent instead. For example, you can say 'Many changes have been made in recent years'.

latest last

You use latest or last to talk about one of a series of events which is continuing to happen, or one of a series of things which someone is continuing to have or produce.

1. events

If one of a series of events is happening now or has just happened, you refer to it as the latest one.

The latest closure marks yet another chapter in the history of Gebeit.

You refer to the event before the latest one as the last one. If no event of the kind you are talking about has happened recently, you refer to the most recent one as the last one.

...the weeds that had grown since the last harvest.2. things you have or produce

If someone keeps having or producing a series of things, you refer to the one they have now or the one they have produced most recently as their latest one.

...her latest boyfriend....her latest book.

You refer to the one before their latest one as their last one. If they have not had or produced one recently, you refer to their most recent one as their last one.

Loach has not been idle since Family Life, his last film for the cinema.

You can talk about more than one thing in this way by putting last in front of a number. For example, you can talk about 'his last three books'.

Her last two pictures have been disasters.Collins COBUILD English Usage © HarperCollins Publishers 1992, 2004, 2011, 2012lastPast participle: lastedGerund: lasting

ImperativelastlastPresentI lastyou lasthe/she/it lastswe lastyou lastthey lastPreteriteI lastedyou lastedhe/she/it lastedwe lastedyou lastedthey lastedPresent ContinuousI am lastingyou are lastinghe/she/it is lastingwe are lastingyou are lastingthey are lastingPresent PerfectI have lastedyou have lastedhe/she/it has lastedwe have lastedyou have lastedthey have lastedPast ContinuousI was lastingyou were lastinghe/she/it was lastingwe were lastingyou were lastingthey were lastingPast PerfectI had lastedyou had lastedhe/she/it had lastedwe had lastedyou had lastedthey had lastedFutureI will lastyou will lasthe/she/it will lastwe will lastyou will lastthey will lastFuture PerfectI will have lastedyou will have lastedhe/she/it will have lastedwe will have lastedyou will have lastedthey will have lastedFuture ContinuousI will be lastingyou will be lastinghe/she/it will be lastingwe will be lastingyou will be lastingthey will be lastingPresent Perfect ContinuousI have been lastingyou have been lastinghe/she/it has been lastingwe have been lastingyou have been lastingthey have been lastingFuture Perfect ContinuousI will have been lastingyou will have been lastinghe/she/it will have been lastingwe will have been lastingyou will have been lastingthey will have been lastingPast Perfect ContinuousI had been lastingyou had been lastinghe/she/it had been lastingwe had been lastingyou had been lastingthey had been lastingConditionalI would lastyou would lasthe/she/it would lastwe would lastyou would lastthey would lastPast ConditionalI would have lastedyou would have lastedhe/she/it would have lastedwe would have lastedyou would have lastedthey would have lastedCollins English Verb Tables © HarperCollins Publishers 2011Shoe lastA foot-shaped piece of iron that could be mounted upside down on a pedestal (last stand) about two feet high. A shoe placed on the “foot” was held in the right position for a sole to be nailed to the shoe. When the nails hit the metal last they were turned back toward the sole and thus were clinched. (Shoe nails were specially designed, and often called “clinch” nails.) Also, see Shoe peg. Since only the front half of a shoe sole usually wore out, only a half-sole was added. Such half-soles were usually of leather, but during the Depression days of the 1930s, soles were often cut from the tread of worn-out automobile tires. Such soles wore well and were a lot less expensive than leather.1001 Words and Phrases You Never Knew You Didn’t Know by W.R. Runyan Copyright © 2011 by W.R. Runyan

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